This article was published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Vol 35 Number 2, June 2011 and may be downloaded as a full version PDF file (1854 KB).
Results
There were 236,291 communicable disease notifications received by NNDSS in 2009 (Table 3).
Table 3: Notifications to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 2009, by disease category rank order
Disease category |
Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Vaccine preventable diseases | 101,627 |
43.0 |
| Sexually transmitted infections | 73,399 |
31.1 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 31,697 |
13.4 |
| Bloodborne diseases | 18,861 |
8.0 |
| Vectorborne diseases | 8,232 |
3.5 |
| Other bacterial diseases | 1,919 |
0.8 |
| Zoonoses | 552 |
0.2 |
| Quarantinable diseases | 4 |
0.0 |
| Total | 236,291 |
100.0 |
In 2009, the most frequently notified diseases were vaccine preventable diseases (101,627 notifications, 43.0% of total notifications), sexually transmissible infections (73,399 notifications, 31.1% of total notifications), and gastrointestinal diseases (31,697 notifications, 13.4% of total notifications).
There were 18,861 notifications of bloodborne diseases; 8,232 notifications of vectorborne diseases; 1,919 notifications of other bacterial infections; 552 notifications of zoonoses and 4 notifications of quarantinable diseases. In 2009, the total number of notifications was the highest recorded in NNDSS since the surveillance system commenced data collection in 1991. There was an increase of 48% compared with notifications in 2008 (Figure 2). This increase was largely due to cases of influenza A(H1N1) pandemic 2009.
Figure 2: Notifications received by the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 1991 to 2009, by year of diagnosis
Notifications and notification rates per 100,000 population for each disease by state or territory, in 2009, are shown in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively. Trends in notifications and rates per 100,000 population for the period 2004 to 2009 are shown in Table 6.
Table 4: Notifications of communicable diseases, Australia, 2009, by state or territory
| State or territory | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust |
Bloodborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Hepatitis (NEC) | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Hepatitis B (newly acquired)* | 5 |
36 |
4 |
49 |
9 |
8 |
88 |
39 |
238 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified)† | 101 |
2,651 |
152 |
1,022 |
447 |
77 |
1,948 |
709 |
7,107 |
| Hepatitis C (newly acquired)* | 7 |
41 |
5 |
NN |
45 |
21 |
188 |
94 |
401 |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡ | 158 |
3,913 |
160 |
2,709 |
503 |
262 |
2,322 |
1,054 |
11,081 |
| Hepatitis D | 0 |
9 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
34 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
|||||||||
| Botulism | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Campylobacteriosis§ | 357 |
NN |
205 |
4,610 |
1,755 |
626 |
5,838 |
2,582 |
15,973 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 106 |
1,463 |
150 |
1,460 |
106 |
66 |
1,039 |
235 |
4,625 |
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 0 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
12 |
| Hepatitis A | 6 |
98 |
1 |
56 |
59 |
5 |
303 |
35 |
563 |
| Hepatitis E | 0 |
17 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
5 |
33 |
| Listeriosis | 2 |
26 |
0 |
14 |
4 |
3 |
27 |
15 |
91 |
| Salmonellosis | 225 |
2,736 |
487 |
2,471 |
681 |
166 |
1,647 |
1,120 |
9,533 |
| Shigellosis | 8 |
156 |
85 |
115 |
51 |
2 |
85 |
120 |
622 |
| STEC,VTEC|| | 0 |
21 |
1 |
23 |
62 |
0 |
16 |
6 |
130 |
| Typhoid fever | 2 |
47 |
0 |
13 |
2 |
1 |
42 |
8 |
115 |
Quarantinable diseases |
|||||||||
| Cholera | 0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
| Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Plague | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rabies | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Smallpox | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Yellow fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Sexually transmitted infections |
|||||||||
| Chlamydial infection¶,** | 941 |
14,948 |
2,115 |
16,721 |
3,757 |
1,453 |
13,889 |
8,836 |
62,660 |
| Donovanosis | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Gonococcal infection** | 55 |
1,655 |
1,504 |
1,570 |
400 |
21 |
1,515 |
1,339 |
8,059 |
| Syphilis – all**,†† | 33 |
910 |
137 |
475 |
53 |
28 |
858 |
182 |
2,676 |
| Syphilis < 2 years duration** | 11 |
522 |
38 |
179 |
53 |
10 |
390 |
88 |
1,291 |
| Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration†,** | 22 |
388 |
99 |
296 |
NDP |
18 |
468 |
94 |
1,385 |
| Syphilis – congenital** | 0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
|||||||||
| Diphtheria | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 0 |
6 |
0 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
19 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed) | 1,259 |
12,393 |
1,967 |
18,363 |
10,752 |
1,305 |
6,990 |
5,533 |
58,562 |
| Measles | 1 |
19 |
1 |
32 |
3 |
2 |
36 |
10 |
104 |
| Mumps | 0 |
40 |
13 |
34 |
12 |
1 |
45 |
20 |
165 |
| Pertussis | 351 |
12,436 |
215 |
6,216 |
5,346 |
616 |
3,778 |
778 |
29,736 |
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 29 |
477 |
86 |
270 |
145 |
35 |
368 |
149 |
1,559 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rubella | 0 |
7 |
0 |
6 |
3 |
0 |
6 |
5 |
27 |
| Rubella – congenital | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tetanus | 0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
| Varicella zoster (chickenpox) | 2 |
NN |
87 |
153 |
475 |
34 |
530 |
318 |
1,599 |
| Varicella zoster (shingles) | 12 |
NN |
112 |
259 |
1,045 |
117 |
575 |
539 |
2,659 |
| Varicella zoster (unspecified) | 66 |
NN |
3 |
3,835 |
280 |
80 |
1,847 |
866 |
6,977 |
Vectorborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Arbovirus infection (NEC) | 0 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
26 |
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 3 |
359 |
117 |
799 |
36 |
3 |
15 |
154 |
1,486 |
| Dengue virus infection | 17 |
132 |
27 |
1,036 |
17 |
2 |
38 |
133 |
1,402 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus infection | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Kunjin virus infection‡‡ | 0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| Malaria | 3 |
92 |
14 |
185 |
32 |
5 |
113 |
82 |
526 |
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection‡‡ | 0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
| Ross River virus infection | 2 |
912 |
427 |
2,154 |
326 |
29 |
85 |
851 |
4,786 |
Zoonoses |
|||||||||
| Anthrax | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Australia bat lyssavirus | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Brucellosis | 0 |
4 |
0 |
22 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
32 |
| Leptospirosis | 2 |
18 |
4 |
110 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
1 |
146 |
| Lyssavirus (NEC) | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Ornithosis | 0 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
38 |
2 |
65 |
| Q fever | 0 |
139 |
3 |
131 |
9 |
0 |
25 |
2 |
309 |
| Tularaemia | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other bacterial diseases |
|||||||||
| Legionellosis | 4 |
94 |
3 |
56 |
44 |
0 |
50 |
51 |
302 |
| Leprosy | 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
| Meningococcal infection§§ | 2 |
96 |
6 |
60 |
22 |
3 |
42 |
28 |
259 |
| Tuberculosis | 23 |
488 |
28 |
218 |
58 |
9 |
419 |
112 |
1,355 |
| Total | 3,782 |
56,470 |
8,124 |
65,300 |
26,550 |
4,980 |
44,849 |
26,020 |
236,075 |
* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.
† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.
‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.
§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.
|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).
¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.
** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).
†† Does not include congenital syphilis.
‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.
§§ Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.
NEC Not elsewhere classified.
NN Not notifiable.
NDP No data provided.
Table 5: Notification rates for nationally notifiable communicable diseases, Australia, 2009, by state or territory
| State or territory | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust |
Bloodborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Hepatitis (NEC) | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Hepatitis B (newly acquired)* | 1.4 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified)† | 28.8 |
37.3 |
67.6 |
23.2 |
27.5 |
15.3 |
35.9 |
31.7 |
32.5 |
| Hepatitis C (newly acquired)* | 2.0 |
0.6 |
2.2 |
NN |
2.8 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
4.2 |
2.3 |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡ | 45.0 |
55.1 |
71.2 |
61.5 |
31.0 |
52.1 |
42.8 |
47.1 |
50.7 |
| Hepatitis D | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
|||||||||
| Botulism | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Campylobacteriosis§ | 101.7 |
NN |
91.2 |
104.6 |
108.2 |
124.5 |
107.6 |
115.4 |
108.1 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 30.2 |
20.6 |
66.7 |
33.1 |
6.5 |
13.1 |
19.1 |
10.5 |
21.1 |
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Hepatitis A | 1.7 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
3.6 |
1.0 |
5.6 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
| Hepatitis E | 0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
| Listeriosis | 0.6 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
| Salmonellosis | 64.1 |
38.5 |
216.6 |
56.1 |
42.0 |
33.0 |
30.3 |
50.1 |
43.6 |
| Shigellosis | 2.3 |
2.2 |
37.8 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
5.4 |
2.8 |
| STEC,VTEC|| | 0.0 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
3.9 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
| Typhoid fever | 0.6 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
Quarantinable diseases |
|||||||||
| Cholera | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Plague | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rabies | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Smallpox | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Yellow fever | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Sexually transmitted infections |
|||||||||
| Chlamydial infection¶,** | 268.0 |
210.5 |
940.6 |
379.4 |
231.5 |
289.1 |
255.9 |
395.0 |
286.4 |
| Donovanosis | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Gonococcal infection** | 15.7 |
23.3 |
668.9 |
35.6 |
24.7 |
4.2 |
27.9 |
59.9 |
36.8 |
| Syphilis – all**,†† | 9.4 |
12.8 |
60.9 |
10.8 |
3.3 |
5.6 |
15.8 |
8.1 |
12.2 |
| Syphilis < 2 years duration** | 3.1 |
7.4 |
16.9 |
4.1 |
3.3 |
2.0 |
7.2 |
3.9 |
5.9 |
| Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration†,** | 6.3 |
5.5 |
44.0 |
6.7 |
NDP |
3.6 |
8.6 |
4.2 |
6.8 |
| Syphilis – congenital** | 0.0 |
0.0 |
1.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
|||||||||
| Diphtheria | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed) | 358.5 |
174.6 |
874.8 |
416.7 |
662.6 |
259.6 |
128.8 |
247.4 |
267.7 |
| Measles | 0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
| Mumps | 0.0 |
0.6 |
5.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
| Pertussis | 99.9 |
175.2 |
95.6 |
141.1 |
329.4 |
122.6 |
69.6 |
34.8 |
135.9 |
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 8.3 |
6.7 |
38.2 |
6.1 |
8.9 |
7.0 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
7.1 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rubella | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
| Rubella – congenital | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Tetanus | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Varicella zoster (chickenpox) | 0.6 |
NN |
38.7 |
3.5 |
29.3 |
6.8 |
9.8 |
14.2 |
10.8 |
| Varicella zoster (shingles) | 3.4 |
NN |
49.8 |
5.9 |
64.4 |
23.3 |
10.6 |
24.1 |
18.0 |
| Varicella zoster (unspecified) | 18.8 |
NN |
1.3 |
87.0 |
17.3 |
15.9 |
34.0 |
38.7 |
47.2 |
Vectorborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Arbovirus infection (NEC) | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 0.9 |
5.1 |
52.0 |
18.1 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
6.9 |
6.8 |
| Dengue virus infection | 4.8 |
1.9 |
12.0 |
23.5 |
1.0 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus infection | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Kunjin virus infection‡‡ | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Malaria | 0.9 |
1.3 |
6.2 |
4.2 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
2.4 |
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection‡‡ | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Ross River virus infection | 0.6 |
12.8 |
189.9 |
48.9 |
20.1 |
5.8 |
1.6 |
38.0 |
21.9 |
Zoonoses |
|||||||||
| Anthrax | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Australia bat lyssavirus | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Brucellosis | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Leptospirosis | 0.6 |
0.3 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
| Lyssavirus (NEC) | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Ornithosis | 0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
| Q fever | 0.0 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
1.4 |
| Tularaemia | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Other bacterial diseases |
|||||||||
| Legionellosis | 1.1 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
2.7 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
2.3 |
1.4 |
| Leprosy | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Meningococcal infection§§ | 0.6 |
1.4 |
2.7 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
| Tuberculosis | 6.5 |
6.9 |
12.5 |
4.9 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
7.7 |
5.0 |
6.2 |
* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.
† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.
‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.
§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.
|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).
¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.
** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).
†† Does not include congenital syphilis.
‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.
§§ Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.
NEC Not elsewhere classified.
NN Not notifiable.
NDP No data provided.
Table 6: Notifications and notification rate for communicable diseases, Australia, 2004 to 2009, (per 100,000 population)
| Number of notifications | Notification rate per 100,000 population | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease |
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 5-year mean | Ratio | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
Bloodborne diseases |
||||||||||||||
| Hepatitis (NEC) | 0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Hepatitis B (newly acquired)* | 283 |
253 |
292 |
294 |
258 |
238 |
276.0 |
0.9 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified)† | 5,641 |
6,264 |
6,224 |
6,847 |
6,518 |
7,107 |
6,298.8 |
1.1 |
28.0 |
30.7 |
30.1 |
32.5 |
30.4 |
32.5 |
| Hepatitis C (newly acquired)* | 457 |
379 |
442 |
384 |
362 |
401 |
404.8 |
1.0 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡ | 12,348 |
11,901 |
11,863 |
11,868 |
11,098 |
11,081 |
11,815.6 |
0.9 |
61.3 |
58.4 |
57.3 |
56.3 |
51.8 |
50.7 |
| Hepatitis D | 29 |
32 |
30 |
34 |
42 |
34 |
33.4 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
||||||||||||||
| Botulism | 1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Campylobacteriosis§ | 15,586 |
16,498 |
15,420 |
16,995 |
15,524 |
15,973 |
16,004.6 |
1.0 |
116.1 |
121.0 |
111.1 |
120.0 |
107.5 |
108.1 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 1,676 |
3,213 |
3,200 |
2,810 |
2,003 |
4,625 |
2,580.4 |
1.8 |
8.3 |
15.8 |
15.5 |
13.3 |
9.3 |
21.1 |
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 16 |
20 |
14 |
19 |
31 |
12 |
20.0 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Hepatitis A | 319 |
327 |
281 |
165 |
277 |
563 |
273.8 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
2.6 |
| Hepatitis E | 28 |
30 |
24 |
18 |
44 |
33 |
28.8 |
1.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
| Listeriosis | 67 |
54 |
61 |
50 |
68 |
91 |
60.0 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Salmonellosis | 7,841 |
8,422 |
8,252 |
9,529 |
8,303 |
9,533 |
8,469.4 |
1.1 |
39.0 |
41.3 |
39.9 |
45.2 |
38.7 |
43.6 |
| Shigellosis | 520 |
729 |
546 |
600 |
829 |
622 |
644.8 |
1.0 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
2.8 |
| STEC, VTEC|| | 49 |
86 |
70 |
106 |
106 |
130 |
83.4 |
1.6 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
| Typhoid fever | 73 |
52 |
77 |
90 |
105 |
115 |
79.4 |
1.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Quarantinable diseases |
||||||||||||||
| Cholera | 5 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3.8 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Plague | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rabies | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Smallpox | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Yellow fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Sexually transmissible infections |
||||||||||||||
| Chlamydial infection¶, ** | 36,169 |
41,293 |
47,425 |
52,009 |
58,449 |
62,660 |
47,069.0 |
1.3 |
179.7 |
202.5 |
229.1 |
246.8 |
272.7 |
286.4 |
| Donovanosis | 10 |
13 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
6.8 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Gonococcal infection** | 7,170 |
8,070 |
8,565 |
7,685 |
7,655 |
8,059 |
7,829.0 |
1.0 |
35.6 |
39.6 |
41.4 |
36.5 |
35.7 |
36.8 |
| Syphilis – all**,†† | 2,065 |
1,934 |
2,197 |
2,758 |
2,674 |
2,676 |
2,325.6 |
1.2 |
10.3 |
9.5 |
10.6 |
13.1 |
12.5 |
12.2 |
| Syphilis < 2 years duration** | 628 |
653 |
883 |
1,412 |
1,310 |
1,291 |
977.2 |
1.3 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
6.7 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
| Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration** | 1,437 |
1,281 |
1,314 |
1,346 |
1,364 |
1,385 |
1,348.4 |
1.0 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
6.8 |
| Syphilis – congenital** | 13 |
17 |
13 |
7 |
6 |
3 |
11.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
||||||||||||||
| Diphtheria | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 15 |
17 |
22 |
17 |
25 |
19 |
19.2 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed)‡‡ | 2,135 |
4,557 |
3,254 |
10,445 |
9,130 |
58,562 |
5,904.2 |
10.0 |
10.6 |
22.3 |
15.7 |
49.6 |
42.6 |
267.7 |
| Measles | 44 |
10 |
125 |
12 |
65 |
104 |
51.2 |
2.1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
| Mumps | 102 |
240 |
275 |
586 |
285 |
165 |
297.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
| Pertussis | 8,748 |
11,164 |
9,764 |
4,862 |
14,285 |
29,736 |
9,764.6 |
3.0 |
43.5 |
54.7 |
47.2 |
23.1 |
66.7 |
135.9 |
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 2,372 |
1,692 |
1,453 |
1,479 |
1,634 |
1,559 |
1,726.0 |
0.9 |
11.8 |
8.3 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rubella | 31 |
29 |
59 |
34 |
36 |
27 |
37.8 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
| Rubella – congenital | 1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Tetanus | 6 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3.6 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Varicella zoster (chickenpox)§§ | NN |
16 |
1,558 |
1,668 |
1,795 |
1,599 |
1,259.3 |
1.3 |
NN |
0.2 |
17.8 |
18.6 |
19.7 |
10.8 |
| Varicella zoster (shingles)§§ | NN |
7 |
1,092 |
1,561 |
2,309 |
2,659 |
1,242.3 |
2.1 |
NN |
0.1 |
12.5 |
17.4 |
25.3 |
18.0 |
| Varicella zoster (unspecified)§§ | NN |
141 |
3,678 |
4,286 |
4,415 |
6,977 |
3,130.0 |
2.2 |
NN |
1.6 |
42.0 |
47.9 |
48.3 |
47.2 |
Vectorborne diseases |
||||||||||||||
| Arbovirus infection (NEC)|||| | 66 |
28 |
32 |
24 |
26 |
26 |
35.2 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 1,100 |
1,322 |
2,133 |
1,715 |
2,097 |
1,486 |
1,673.4 |
0.9 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
10.3 |
8.1 |
9.8 |
6.8 |
| Dengue virus infection | 351 |
220 |
189 |
316 |
562 |
1,402 |
327.6 |
4.3 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
6.4 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus infection | 1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Kunjin virus infection¶¶ | 6 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2.4 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Malaria | 545 |
817 |
770 |
568 |
529 |
526 |
645.8 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection¶¶ | 1 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
1.2 |
3.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Ross River virus infection | 4,205 |
2,538 |
5,544 |
4,202 |
5,652 |
4,786 |
4,428.2 |
1.1 |
20.9 |
12.4 |
26.8 |
19.9 |
26.4 |
21.9 |
Zoonoses |
||||||||||||||
| Anthrax | 0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Australian bat lyssavirus | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Brucellosis | 38 |
41 |
51 |
38 |
47 |
32 |
43.0 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
| Leptospirosis | 177 |
129 |
145 |
108 |
112 |
146 |
134.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
| Lyssavirus (NEC) | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Ornithosis | 239 |
164 |
165 |
93 |
102 |
65 |
152.6 |
0.4 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
| Q fever | 460 |
352 |
410 |
448 |
376 |
309 |
409.2 |
0.8 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
| Tularaemia | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Other bacterial infections |
||||||||||||||
| Legionellosis | 312 |
331 |
349 |
306 |
272 |
302 |
314.0 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
| Leprosy | 6 |
10 |
7 |
13 |
11 |
3 |
9.4 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Meningococcal infection*** | 406 |
392 |
318 |
305 |
285 |
259 |
341.2 |
0.8 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
| Tuberculosis | 1,056 |
1,078 |
1,205 |
1,133 |
1,203 |
1,355 |
1,135.0 |
1.2 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
6.2 |
| Total | 112,791 |
124,895 |
137,613 |
146,503 |
159,620 |
236,075 |
||||||||
* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.
† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.
‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.
§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.
|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).
¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.
** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).
†† Does not include congenital syphilis.
‡‡ Influenza (laboratory confirmed) became notifiable in South Australia on 1 May 2008.
§§ Varicella zoster became notifiable in Victoria on 21 September 2008.
|||| Arbovirus (NEC) replaced Flavivirus (NEC) in 2008.
¶¶ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.
*** Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.
NEC Not elsewhere classified.
NN Not notifiable.
The year in which diseases became notifiable to NNDSS in each jurisdiction is shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Earliest notification year for which NNDSS contains disease data, Australia, by state or territory*
| Year in which data first sent to Commonwealth | Period of national reporting | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Exceptions to national reporting |
|
Bloodborne diseases |
||||||||||
| Hepatitis (NEC) | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
NN |
1991 to present |
WA do not report |
| Hepatitis B (newly acquired) | 1995 |
1993 |
1993 |
1994 |
1993 |
1993 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 to present |
ACT did not report 1994 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified) | 1991 |
1991 |
2004 |
1994 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Hepatitis C (newly acquired) | 1995 |
1993 |
2005 |
NN |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
1993 to present |
All jurisdictions except Qld |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified) | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1994 |
1991 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 to present |
Includes reports of incident hepatitis C, 1991 to 1994 |
| Hepatitis D | 1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1997 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
2001 |
1999 to present |
WA did not report 1999–2000 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
||||||||||
| Botulism | 1992 |
1998 |
1998 |
1997 |
1993 |
1992 |
1992 |
2001 |
1992 to present |
State reporting started as shown |
| Campylobacteriosis | 1991 |
NN |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
NSW do not report |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
1996 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1997 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 to present |
|
| Hepatitis A | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Hepatitis E | 1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
2001 |
1999 to present |
WA did not report 1999–2000 |
| Listeriosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1994 |
1991 |
1992 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
SA did not report 1991
NT did not report 1991–1993 |
| Salmonellosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Shigellosis | 1991 |
2001 |
1991 |
1997 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
NSW did not report 1991–2000
Qld did not report 1991–2006 |
| STEC, VTEC | 1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
2002 |
1999 |
1999 |
1999 |
2001 |
1999 to present |
Qld did not report 1991–2002
WA did not report 1999–2001 |
| Typhoid† | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
Quarantinable diseases |
||||||||||
| Cholera | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans | 2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 to present |
|
| Plague | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Rabies | 1993 |
1997 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 to present |
|
| Smallpox | 2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 to present |
|
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Yellow fever | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
Sexually transmissible infections |
||||||||||
| Chlamydial infection (NEC) | 1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1993 |
1994 to present |
NSW did not report 1994–1998 |
| Donovanosis | 1991 |
2002 |
1991 |
1991 |
2002 |
1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
NSW and SA did not report 1991–2001 Tasmania did not report 1991–1992 |
| Gonococcal infection‡ | 1991 |
1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Syphilis – all§ | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Syphilis < 2 years | 2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 to present |
|
| Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration | 2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 to present |
|
| Syphilis – congenital | 2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 to present |
|
Vaccine preventable diseases |
||||||||||
| Diphtheria | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1994 |
1991 to present |
WA did not report 1991–1993 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed) | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Measles | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Mumps | 1992 |
1992 |
1995 |
1997–1998; 2002 |
1994 |
1995 |
1992 |
1994 |
1995 to present |
Qld did not report (1995–1996 & 1999–2000) |
| Pertussis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
1997 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Poliomyelitis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Rubella|| | 1991 |
1991 |
1993 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1992 |
1994 |
1993 to present |
Tasmania did not report 1993–1994 |
| Rubella – congenital | 2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
1997 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 to present |
|
| Tetanus | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1985 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
Qld did not report 1991–1993 |
| Varicella zoster (chickenpox) | 2006 |
NN |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2008 |
2006 |
2006 to present |
All jurisdictions except NSW Reported by Victoria in September 2008 |
| Varicella zoster (shingles) | 2006 |
NN |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2008 |
2006 |
2006 to present |
All jurisdictions except NSW Reported by Victoria in September 2008 |
| Varicella zoster (unspecified) | 2006 |
NN |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2006 |
2008 |
2006 |
2006 to present |
All jurisdictions except NSW Reported by Victoria in September 2008 |
Vectorborne diseases |
||||||||||
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 1995 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
1995 |
1995 |
1995 |
1995 |
1995 to present |
|
| Dengue virus infection | 1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1995 |
1991 to present |
ACT did not report 1991–1992 |
| Arbovirus infection (NEC)¶,** | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
Includes JEV, MVEV and Kunjin 1991–2000 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus infection | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Kunjin virus | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
Reported under MVEV in ACT |
| Malaria | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
Combined with Kunjin in ACT |
| Ross River virus infection | 1993 |
1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1993 |
1993 |
1991 |
1991 |
1993 to present |
|
Zoonoses |
||||||||||
| Anthrax | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
1991 |
2002 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Australian bat lyssavirus | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
1998 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Brucellosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Leptospirosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Lyssavirus (NEC) | 2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
1998 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 |
2001 to present |
|
| Ornithosis | 1991 |
2001 |
1991 |
1992 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
NSW did not report 1991–2000 Qld did not report 1997–2001 |
| Q fever | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Tularaemia | 2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 |
2004 to present |
|
Other bacterial infections |
||||||||||
| Legionellosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Leprosy | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Meningococcal infection | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
| Tuberculosis | 1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 to present |
|
* Data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System annual reports from 1991. First full year of reporting to Commonwealth is shown. Some diseases may have been notifiable to state or territory health departments before the dates shown here.
† Includes paratyphoid in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.
‡ Includes neonatal ophthalmia in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria.
§ Includes syphilis – congenital from 1991 to 2002.
|| Includes rubella – congenital from 1991 to 2002.
¶ Before 1997, includes Ross River virus infection, dengue virus infection and Barmah Forest virus infection.
** Flavivirus (NEC) replaced arbovirus (NEC) 1 January 2004. Arbovirus (NEC) replaced Flavivirus (NEC) in 2008.
NN Not notifiable
The major changes in communicable disease notifications in 2009 are shown in Figure 3 as the ratio of notifications in 2009 to the mean number of notifications for the previous 5 years. Notifications of dengue virus infection, influenza (laboratory confirmed), pertussis and hepatitis A were highest since 2004 and exceeded the expected range (5-year mean plus 2 standard deviations). Notifications of mumps, measles, tuberculosis and Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC) were within the historical range.
Figure 3: Comparison of total notifications of selected diseases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2009, with the previous 5-year mean
* Exceeded 2 standard deviations above the 5-year mean.
Data completeness
The case’s sex was complete in 99.7% of notifications and age at onset in close to 100% of notifications (Table 8). In 2009, Indigenous status was complete in 49.6% of notifications, and this varied by jurisdiction. Indigenous status was complete for 93.1% of data reported in the Northern Territory, 86.2% in Western Australia and 79.5% South Australia. Indigenous status was complete for less than 50% in the remaining jurisdictions.
Table 8: Completeness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data received, Australia, 2009, by state or territory*
| State or territory | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust | |
| Total notifications | 3,782 |
56,686 |
8,124 |
65,300 |
26,549 |
4,980 |
44,850 |
26,020 |
236,291 |
Sex |
|||||||||
| Unknown/missing | 1 |
395 |
12 |
27 |
3 |
8 |
318 |
2 |
766 |
| Per cent complete | 100.0 |
99.3 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
99.3 |
100.0 |
99.7 |
Age at onset |
|||||||||
| Unknown/missing | 0 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
74 |
1 |
88 |
| Per cent complete | 100.0 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Indigenous status |
|||||||||
| Unknown/missing | 3,105 |
43,347 |
564 |
36,648 |
5,433 |
2,595 |
23,720 |
3,596 |
119,008 |
| Per cent complete | 17.9 |
23.5 |
93.1 |
43.9 |
79.5 |
47.9 |
47.1 |
86.2 |
49.6 |
* Indigenous status is usually obtained from medical notification and completeness varies by disease and by state and territory. This reflects differences in notification requirements (i.e. depending on the jurisdiction, some diseases are primarily or completely notified by pathology laboratories rather than clinicians) and the fact that it is not possible to follow-up all cases for diseases with a large volume of notifications and/or not requiring specific case-based public health action.
Data completeness on Indigenous status also varied by disease (Appendix 3). There were 5 diseases for which notifications were 100% complete for Indigenous status.10 A further 7 diseases equalled or exceeded 90% completeness for Indigenous status. Of the 18 priority diseases agreed to by CDNA and the NSC in 2009 for improving Indigenous identification, seven had an Indigenous completeness that exceeded 90% (donovanosis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, congenital syphilis, meningococcal infection, syphilis less than 2 years duration, tuberculosis and hepatitis A). The diseases for which there was less than 90% Indigenous completeness included dengue virus infection, gonococcal infection, leprosy, measles, pneumococcal disease (invasive), and shigellosis. In 2009, CDNA set target thresholds of 95% completeness for key diseases and 80% completeness for the remainder of the notifiable diseases.
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This issue - Vol 35 No 2, June 2011
NNDSS Annual report 2009