This article {extract} was published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Vol 31 No 1 March 2007 and may be downloaded as a full version PDF from the Table of contents page.
Results
Summary of 2005 data
There were 125,461 communicable disease notifications received by NNDSS in 2005 (Table 2). Notification rates per 100,000 population for each disease by state or territory are shown in Table 3. Trends in notifications and rates per 100,000 population for the period 2001 to 2005 are shown in Table 4.
Table 2. Notifications of communicable diseases, Australia, 2005, by state or territory
Disease |
State or territory | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust | |
Bloodborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Hepatitis B (incident) | 5 |
56 |
5 |
59 |
8 |
3 |
78 |
31 |
245 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified)* | 88 |
2,711 |
199 |
945 |
325 |
54 |
1,679 |
395 |
6,396 |
| Hepatitis C (incident) | 11 |
41 |
3 |
NN |
50 |
26 |
122 |
104 |
357 |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified)*,† | 163 |
4,424 |
254 |
2,790 |
559 |
215 |
2,861 |
984 |
12,250 |
| Hepatitis D | 0 |
15 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
30 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
|||||||||
| Botulism | 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
| Campylobacteriosis‡ | 402 |
NN |
248 |
4,416 |
2,089 |
760 |
6,109 |
2,444 |
16,468 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 27 |
851 |
82 |
1,360 |
167 |
22 |
518 |
182 |
3,209 |
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 0 |
11 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
20 |
| Hepatitis A | 3 |
83 |
64 |
50 |
10 |
2 |
59 |
54 |
325 |
| Hepatitis E | 2 |
7 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
2 |
31 |
| Listeriosis | 3 |
25 |
0 |
7 |
6 |
0 |
9 |
4 |
54 |
| Salmonellosis (NEC) | 95 |
2,179 |
393 |
2,613 |
577 |
302 |
1,481 |
801 |
8,441 |
| Shigellosis | 7 |
135 |
196 |
80 |
48 |
5 |
105 |
156 |
732 |
| SLTEC, VTEC§ | 0 |
16 |
0 |
9 |
40 |
2 |
8 |
12 |
87 |
| Typhoid | 0 |
28 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
11 |
8 |
52 |
Quarantinable diseases |
|||||||||
| Cholera | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
| Plague | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rabies | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Smallpox | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tularaemia | NN |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Yellow fever | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Sexually transmitted infections |
|||||||||
| Chlamydial infection (NEC)|| | 700 |
11,283 |
1,583 |
9,721 |
2,706 |
871 |
9,004 |
5,443 |
41,311 |
| Donovanosis | 0 |
0 |
4 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
13 |
| Gonococcal infection | 33 |
1,577 |
1,738 |
1,444 |
399 |
35 |
1,208 |
1,581 |
8,015 |
| Syphilis (all)¶ | 14 |
845 |
229 |
380 |
18 |
30 |
496 |
191 |
2,203 |
| Syphilis < 2 years duration | 4 |
244 |
93 |
128 |
7 |
6 |
120 |
19 |
621 |
| Syphilis > 2 years or unknown duration | 10 |
601 |
136 |
252 |
11 |
24 |
376 |
172 |
1,582 |
| Syphilis – congenital | 0 |
8 |
5 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
|||||||||
| Diphtheria | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 0 |
7 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
17 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed)** | 39 |
1,414 |
61 |
1,698 |
275 |
19 |
595 |
466 |
4,567 |
| Measles | 0 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
10 |
| Mumps | 1 |
111 |
7 |
71 |
8 |
0 |
20 |
23 |
241 |
| Pertussis | 315 |
5,802 |
92 |
1,775 |
1,507 |
33 |
1,163 |
513 |
11,200 |
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 30 |
641 |
71 |
325 |
134 |
44 |
300 |
139 |
1,684 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Rubella | 0 |
10 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
6 |
31 |
| Rubella – congenital | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Tetanus | 0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Vectorborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 0 |
448 |
51 |
680 |
40 |
1 |
16 |
83 |
1,319 |
| Dengue | 2 |
48 |
14 |
115 |
5 |
0 |
16 |
18 |
218 |
| Flavivirus infection (NEC)†† | NN |
6 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
29 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Kunjin virus‡‡ | NN |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Malaria | 12 |
204 |
47 |
297 |
43 |
24 |
110 |
85 |
822 |
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus | NN |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| Ross River virus infection | 6 |
585 |
209 |
1,179 |
153 |
5 |
96 |
311 |
2,544 |
Zoonoses |
|||||||||
| Anthrax | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Australian bat lyssavirus | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Brucellosis | 0 |
3 |
0 |
37 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
41 |
| Leptospirosis | 0 |
35 |
5 |
72 |
3 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
130 |
| Ornithosis§§ | 0 |
121 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
34 |
3 |
161 |
| Lyssavirus unspecified | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Q fever | 0 |
142 |
3 |
157 |
17 |
0 |
30 |
6 |
355 |
Other bacterial infections |
|||||||||
| Legionellosis | 0 |
89 |
3 |
49 |
58 |
3 |
63 |
70 |
335 |
| Leprosy | 0 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
10 |
| Meningococcal infection|||| | 8 |
140 |
11 |
62 |
26 |
10 |
90 |
47 |
394 |
| Tuberculosis | 0 |
453 |
27 |
114 |
46 |
13 |
367 |
67 |
1,087 |
| Total | 1,966 |
34,561 |
5,609 |
30,582 |
9,321 |
2,483 |
26,694 |
14,245 |
125,461 |
* Unspecified hepatitis includes cases in whom the duration of infection could not be determined.
† In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis cases.
‡ Notified as 'foodborne disease' or 'gastroenteritis in an institution' in New South Wales.
§ Infection with Shiga-like toxin-/verotoxin-producing Escherchia coli (SLTEC/VTEC).
|| Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory which excludes ocular specimens; and Western Australia which excludes ocular and perinatal infections.
¶ Does not include congenital syphilis.
** Laboratory-confirmed influenza is not a notifiable disease in South Australia but reports are forwarded to NNDSS.
†† Flavivirus (NEC) replaced Arbovirus (NEC) from 1 January 2004.
‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus.
§§ In the Australian Capital Territory, ornithosis is reported as chlamydia not elsewhere classified.
|||| Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.
NN Not notifiable.
NEC Not elsewhere classified.
Table 3. Notification rate for communicable diseases, Australia, 2005, by state and territory (per 100,000 population)
Disease |
State or territory | Aust | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | ||
Bloodborne diseases |
|||||||||
| Hepatitis B (incident) | 1.5 |
0.8 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
| Hepatitis B (unspecified)* | 2.5 |
40.0 |
98.1 |
23.8 |
21.1 |
11.1 |
33.4 |
19.7 |
31.5 |
| Hepatitis C (incident) | 3.4 |
0.6 |
1.5 |
NN |
3.2 |
5.4 |
2.4 |
5.2 |
1.8 |
| Hepatitis C (unspecified)*,† | 50.1 |
65.3 |
125.3 |
70.4 |
36.3 |
44.3 |
57.0 |
49.0 |
60.3 |
| Hepatitis D | 0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | |||||||||
| Botulism | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Campylobacteriosis‡ | 123.6 |
NN |
122.3 |
111.4 |
135.5 |
156.6 |
121.6 |
121.6 |
121.5 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 8.3 |
12.6 |
40.4 |
34.3 |
10.8 |
4.5 |
10.3 |
9.1 |
15.8 |
| Haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Hepatitis A | 0.9 |
1.2 |
31.6 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
1.2 |
2.7 |
1.6 |
| Hepatitis E | 0.6 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
| Listeriosis | 0.9 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
| Salmonellosis (NEC) | 29.2 |
32.2 |
193.8 |
65.9 |
37.4 |
62.2 |
29.5 |
39.8 |
41.5 |
| Shigellosis | 2.2 |
2.0 |
96.7 |
2.0 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
7.8 |
3.6 |
| SLTEC,VTEC§ | 0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
2.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
| Typhoid | 0.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
Quarantinable diseases |
|||||||||
| Cholera | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Plague | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rabies | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Smallpox | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Tularaemia | NN |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Viral haemorrhagic fever | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Yellow fever | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Sexually transmitted infections |
|||||||||
| Chlamydial infections (NEC)|| | 215.3 |
166.6 |
780.6 |
245.2 |
156.0 |
179.5 |
179.3 |
270.8 |
203.2 |
| Donovanosis | 0.0 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Gonococcal infection | 10.1 |
23.3 |
857.0 |
36.4 |
25.9 |
82.2 |
24.1 |
78.7 |
39.4 |
| Syphilis (all)¶ | 4.3 |
12.5 |
112.9 |
9.6 |
1.2 |
6.2 |
9.9 |
9.5 |
10.8 |
| Syphilis < 2 years duration | 1.2 |
3.6 |
45.9 |
3.2 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
2.4 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
| Syphilis > 2 years or unknown duration | 3.1 |
8.9 |
67.1 |
6.4 |
0.7 |
4.9 |
7.5 |
8.6 |
7.8 |
| Syphilis – congenital | 0.0 |
0.1 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
|||||||||
| Diphtheria | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Influenza (laboratory confirmed)** | 12.0 |
20.9 |
30.1 |
42.8 |
17.8 |
3.9 |
11.8 |
23.2 |
22.5 |
| Measles | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Mumps | 0.3 |
1.6 |
3.5 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
| Pertussis | 96.9 |
85.6 |
45.4 |
44.8 |
97.7 |
6.8 |
23.2 |
25.5 |
55.1 |
| Pneumococcal disease (invasive) | 9.2 |
9.5 |
35.0 |
8.2 |
8.7 |
9.1 |
6.0 |
6.9 |
8.3 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Rubella | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
| Rubella – congenital | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Tetanus | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Vectorborne diseases | |||||||||
| Barmah Forest virus infection | 0.0 |
6.6 |
25.1 |
17.2 |
2.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
4.1 |
6.5 |
| Dengue | 0.6 |
0.7 |
6.9 |
2.9 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
| Flavivirus infection (NEC)†† | NN |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Kunjin virus‡‡ | NN |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Malaria | 3.7 |
3.0 |
23.2 |
7.5 |
2.8 |
4.9 |
2.2 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus | NN |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Ross River virus infection | 1.8 |
8.6 |
103.1 |
29.7 |
9.9 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
15.5 |
12.5 |
Zoonoses |
|||||||||
| Anthrax | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Australian bat lyssavirus | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Brucellosis | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
| Leptospirosis | 0.0 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
| Lyssavirus unspecified | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Ornithosis§§ | 0.0 |
1.8 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
| Q fever | 0.0 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
1.7 |
Other bacterial infections |
|||||||||
| Legionellosis | 0.0 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
3.8 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
3.5 |
1.6 |
| Leprosy | 0.0 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Meningococcal infection|||| | 2.5 |
2.1 |
5.4 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
| Tuberculosis | 0.0 |
6.7 |
13.3 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
7.3 |
3.3 |
5.3 |
* Unspecified hepatitis includes cases in whom the duration of infection could not be determined.
† In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis cases.
‡ Notified as 'foodborne disease' or 'gastroenteritis in an institution' in New South Wales.
§ Infection with Shiga-like toxin-/verotoxin-producing Escherchia coli (SLTEC/VTEC).
|| Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory which excludes ocular specimens; and Western Australia which excludes ocular and perinatal infections.
¶ Does not include congenital syphilis.
** Laboratory-confirmed influenza is not a notifiable disease in South Australia but reports are forwarded to NNDSS.
†† Flavivirus (NEC) replaced Arbovirus (NEC) from 1 January 2004.
‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus.
§§ In the Australian Capital Territory, ornithosis is reported as chlamydia not elsewhere classified.
|||| Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.
NN Not notifiable.
NEC Not elsewhere classified.
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